淺析 (be) subject to的翻譯方法

淺析 (be) subject to的翻譯方法

Subject有很多詞性。名詞：主語(yǔ)、科目、臣民等。形容詞：（可能）受…影響的，受…支配的等。動(dòng)詞：使遭受等。其形容詞和動(dòng)詞一般跟to搭配，這就使得譯者在翻譯時(shí)機(jī)動(dòng)靈活，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定翻譯。下面就依據(jù)例子來(lái)具體講解如何翻譯含有（be）subject to的句子。 

1. 可以譯為“服從，隸屬，臣服于”。這一意思主要是由于subject的“臣民”釋義得出。可以理解為an event will take place subject to a condition，it will take place only if that thing happens.也可以理解為 someone is subject to a particular set of rules or laws，they have to obey those rules or laws. 

如：《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典》這兩個(gè)例子 

The prices for food are subject to variation. 
      食品的價(jià)格可能變更. 

It is a bounden duty for a soldier to be subjected to the orders. 
服從命令是軍人的天職。 
All nuclear installations are subject to international safeguards. 
一切核設(shè)施均須執(zhí)行國(guó)際防護(hù)措施。 

在這一釋義中需要注意的是，在一些規(guī)定條款的句子中，（be）subject to 要根據(jù)該語(yǔ)境成“須經(jīng)”，“必須等等。 
      The treaty is subject to ratification. 
      此條約經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)后才能生效. 
      2. 可以譯為“使經(jīng)受，使受到，受（…）影響的”。英語(yǔ)釋義為To be subject to something means to be affected by it or to be likely to be affected by it. 
      如《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》的例句 
      The accident subjected her to a deadly blow. 
      這次意外使她受到致命的打擊。 
      再如短語(yǔ)to subject someone to hard suffering 
      讓某人經(jīng)受艱苦的鍛煉 　　

His illness left him subject to asthmatic attacks. 
他的病使他容易出現(xiàn)哮喘發(fā)作. 　　

3.（be）subject to 在一些語(yǔ)境中也可以翻譯成“（使）…遭受，易受…的；常受…的” 

英文釋義為you subject someone to something unpleasant，you make them experience it.或者是If someone is subject to a particular set of rules or laws，they have to obey those rules or laws. 
       如You'll subject yourself to shame. 

你將使你自己蒙羞。 

The man who had subjected her to four years of beatings and abuse. 

那個(gè)使她遭受了4年毆打和辱罵的男人。 

The tribunal is unique because Mr.Jones is not subject to the normal police discipline code. 

這個(gè)審判很特別，因?yàn)榄偹瓜壬皇芤话愕木瘎?wù)紀(jì)律約束。 

Flights are subject to delay because of the fog. 

猶豫有霧，航班可能延誤。 

4.雖然以上列舉了（be）subject to 的幾種翻譯，但在具體實(shí)踐中還要求譯者根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境做出最恰當(dāng)，最符合母語(yǔ)特征的翻譯。 
      Time's up. There is a little more to say，I think，and certainly the possible ways in which Russian formalism is subject to critique need quickly to be passed in review. 
      下課了，我還有一些話要說(shuō)，俄國(guó)的形式主義，作為批評(píng)的對(duì)象飛快的被人們淡忘了。 
      Should we say of somebody who's fainted or knows that they're subject to fainting spells，they never actually believe that they pass out？ 
      我們?cè)撜f(shuō)那些昏倒了，或者是中了昏迷魔法的人，不會(huì)相信自己昏倒了嗎？ 
      筆者就（be）subject to在實(shí)際翻譯的具體實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了一些淺顯的總結(jié)，希望能給讀者一些啟示。

本文由王雪玲整理發(fā)布！